Definitions

Chasidism, also known as Hasidism, is a Jewish religious movement that originated in Eastern Europe in the 18th century. It emphasizes pious devotion, the spirituality and joy in daily life, and a direct, personal connection with God. Named after the Hebrew word chasidut, which means piety, the movement is known for its emphasis on mysticism and community, often expressed through singing, dancing, and storytelling. It is organized into numerous dynastic groups, each led by a spiritual leader known as a Rebbe.

hī-ō-skī′a-mīn, n. a very poisonous alkaloid found in the seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, or henbane. [Gr. hyoskyamos, henbane.]

of or relating to alchemy

The genus Rubia is a group of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae, commonly known as madder. It includes perennial climbing plants with evergreen leaves and small, star-shaped flowers. The most well-known species is Rubia tinctorum, or common madder, which was historically used to produce red dye. The roots of plants in the Rubia genus contain a compound called alizarin that produces this dye.

a short warm outer jacket

Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (UK: , US: ; French: [ø.ʒɛn ɑ̃.ʁi pɔl ɡo.ɡɛ̃]; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French Post-Impressionist artist. Unappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of colour and Synthetist style that were distinct from Impressionism. Toward the end of his life, he spent ten years in French Polynesia. The paintings from this time depict people or landscapes from that region. His work was influential on the French avant-garde and many modern artists, such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, and he is well known for his relationship with Vincent and Theo van Gogh. Gauguins art became popular after his death, partially from the efforts of dealer Ambroise Vollard, who organized exhibitions of his work late in his career and assisted in organizing two important posthumous exhibitions in Paris.Gauguin was an important figure in the Symbolist movement as a painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and writer. His expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style, paved the way for Primitivism and the return to the pastoral. He was also an influential practitioner of wood engraving and woodcuts as art forms.

A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly if at all. This type of edit gives the effect of jumping forwards in time. It is a manipulation of temporal space using the duration of a single shot, and fracturing the duration to move the audience ahead. This kind of cut abruptly communicates the passing of time as opposed to the more seamless dissolve heavily used in films predating Jean-Luc Godards Breathless, when jump cuts were first used extensively. For this reason, jump cuts, while not seen as inherently bad, are considered a violation of classical continuity editing, which aims to give the appearance of continuous time and space in the story-world by de-emphasizing editing. Jump cuts, in contrast, draw attention to the constructed nature of the film.Continuity editing uses a guideline called the 30 degree rule to avoid jump cuts. The 30 degree rule advises that for consecutive shots to appear seamless, the camera position must vary at least 30 degrees from its previous position. Some schools would call for a change in framing as well (e.g., from a medium shot to a close up). Generally, if the camera position changes less than 30 degrees, the difference between the two shots will not be substantial enough, and the viewer will experience the edit as a jump in the position of the subject that is jarring, and draws attention to itself. Although jump cuts can be created through the editing together of two shots filmed non-continuously (spatial jump cuts), they can also be created by removing a middle section of one continuously filmed shot (temporal jump cuts). Jump cuts can add a sense of speed to the sequence of events.

Hematic, an adjective, pertains to or involves blood. It is derived from the Greek word haima meaning blood. It is used in medical and scientific contexts to refer to things related to or involving blood.

Black Cottonwood, scientifically known as Populus trichocarpa, is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America. It is known for its rapid growth, reaching up to 30-50 meters in height. It has dark gray bark, hence the name black, and triangular-shaped leaves with white veins. The cottonwood part of its name comes from its cottony seeds that are dispersed by wind. This tree grows primarily near rivers, ponds and other bodies of water. Black Cottonwood is widely used for timber and is also significant in the field of genetic research.

the power of making free choices unconstrained by external agencies

Frederick Soddy was a British radiochemist and economist. He was born on September 2, 1877, and died on September 22, 1956. Soddy is best known for his work in atomic theory and for outlining the theory of isotopes, which states that certain elements can exist in multiple forms that have different atomic masses. For his contributions to chemistry, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. In addition to his scientific work, Soddy also made significant contributions to economics and monetary policy, proposing innovative theories about the role of money and wealth in society.