Overview of free-living amebas


  • Free-living amebas are protozoa that live independently in soil or water and do not require a human or animal host. They rarely cause disease, in contrast to the parasitic ameba Entamoeba histolytica, which is a common cause of intestinal infection (amebiasis). Pathogenic free-living amebas are of the genera Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, and Sappinia.

    Three major syndromes occur:

    • Primary amebic meningoencephalitis
    • Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
    • Amebic keratitis

    Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia can also cause skin lesions or disseminated disease in immunocompromised people; Acanthamoeba can also cause infection of the sinuses or lungs.


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