Definitions

Members of the Church of the Nazarene.

Cyclopean masonry is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar. The boulders typically seem unworked, but some may have been worked roughly with a hammer and the gaps between boulders filled in with smaller chunks of limestone. The most famous examples of Cyclopean masonry are found in the walls of Mycenae and Tiryns, and the style is characteristic of Mycenaean fortifications. Similar styles of stonework are found in other cultures and the term has come to be used to describe typical stonework of this sort. The term comes from the belief of classical Greeks that only the mythical Cyclopes had the strength to move the enormous boulders that made up the walls of Mycenae and Tiryns. Plinys Natural History reported the tradition attributed to Aristotle, that the Cyclopes were the inventors of masonry towers, giving rise to the designation Cyclopean.

a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process

Silvery-bodied typically refers to something, often a living organism like a fish or insect, that possesses a body with a bright, metallic, silver-like appearance. This characteristic is usually prominent and noticeable, giving the object an attractive or unique look. It can also suggest an ability to reflect light due to the shiny or glossy texture of the body surface.

Commissions of privateers do not extend to the capture of private property on land; a right not even granted to men-of-war. Private armed ships are not within the terms of a capitulation protecting private property generally.

Unconcealed is an adjective that describes something that is not hidden, disguised or covered up. It indicates something is open, evident, or noticeable without any attempt to obscure or keep it secret. It can refer to a variety of things, from emotions or intentions, to objects or information.

Shared out refers to distributing or dividing something among a number of people. It can refer to physical objects, like food or money, as well as intangible things, like tasks or responsibilities.

Undisturbed refers to a state or condition that is not interrupted, interfered with, or altered, maintaining its original or natural form or state. It can also mean being in a calm, peaceful or untroubled state.

An entrance examination is an examination that many educational institutions use to select students for admission. These exams may be administered at any level of education, from primary to higher education, although they are more common at higher levels.

Al-Qaeda (; Arabic: القاعدة, romanized: al-Qāʿida, lit. the Base, IPA: [ælqɑːʕɪdɐ]) is a Sunni pan-Islamist militant organization led by Salafi jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic state known as the Caliphate. Its members are mostly composed of Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets in various countries, including the 1998 United States embassy bombings, the 2001 September 11 attacks, and the 2002 Bali bombings; it has been designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, and various countries around the world. The organization was founded in a series of meetings held in Peshawar during 1988, attended by Abdullah Azzam, Osama bin Laden, Muhammad Atef, Ayman al-Zawahiri and other veterans of the Soviet–Afghan War. Building upon the networks of Maktab al-Khidamat, the founding members decided to create an organization named Al-Qaeda to serve as a vanguard for jihad. Following the withdrawal of the Soviets in 1989, bin Laden offered mujahideen support to Saudi Arabia in the Gulf War in 1990–1991. His offer was rebuffed by the Saudi government, which instead sought the aid of the United States. The stationing of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia prompted bin Laden to declare a jihad against the House of Saud, whom he condemned as takfir (apostates from Islam), and against the US. During 1992–1996, al-Qaeda established its headquarters in Sudan until it was expelled in 1996. It shifted its base to the Taliban-ruled Afghanistan and later expanded to other parts of the world, primarily in the Middle East and South Asia. In 1996 and 1998, bin Laden issued two fatāwā calling for U.S. troops to leave Saudi Arabia. Al-Qaeda conducted the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, which killed 224 people. The U.S. retaliated by launching Operation Infinite Reach, against al-Qaeda targets in Afghanistan and Sudan. In 2001, al-Qaeda carried out the September 11 attacks, resulting in nearly 3,000 fatalities, substantial long-term health consequences and damaging global economic markets. The U.S. launched the war on terror in response and invaded Afghanistan to depose the Taliban and destroy al-Qaeda. In 2003, a U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq, overthrowing the Baathist regime which it wrongly accused of having ties with al-Qaeda. In 2004, al-Qaeda launched its Iraqi regional branch. After pursuing him for almost a decade, the U.S. military killed bin Laden in Pakistan in May 2011. Al-Qaeda members believe a Judeo-Christian alliance (led by the United States) is conspiring to be at war against Islam and destroy Islam. As Salafist jihadists, members of Al-Qaeda believe that killing non-combatants is religiously sanctioned. Al-Qaeda also opposes what it regards as man-made laws, and wants to replace them exclusively with a strict form of sharīʿa (Islamic religious law, which is perceived as divine law). It characteristically organizes attacks such as suicide attacks and simultaneous bombing of several targets. Al-Qaeda has been responsible for numerous sectarian attacks against Shias. Al-Qaeda ideologues envision the violent removal of all foreign and secular influences in Muslim countries, which it denounces as corrupt deviations. Following the death of bin Laden in 2011, Al-Qaeda vowed to avenge his killing. The group was then led by Egyptian Ayman al-Zawahiri until his death in 2022. As of 2021, it has reportedly suffered from a deterioration of central command over its regional operations.

Any of various species of crab of the family Majidae with long legs.

John Birks Dizzy Gillespie was an influential American jazz musician, particularly known for his trumpet playing and for his huge contribution to the development of the bebop and Afro-Cubic jazz styles. He was also a composer, bandleader, and singer, and was recognized for his bent trumpets bell and his distinctive puffed-out cheeks while performing. Born on October 21, 1917, Gillespies career spanned five decades before his death on January 6, 1993. His innovative techniques and compositions have made him one of the greatest figures in jazz history.

A Jansenist is a follower or advocate of Jansenism, which is a religious doctrine and a movement within the Roman Catholic Church, originated from the writings of Cornelius Jansen. Jansenism emphasizes original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. It was considered a form of religious heresy by the Catholic Church and was popular primarily in France and the Low Countries in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Lyonia mariana, commonly known as the Piedmont staggerbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. It is native to North America, where it grows in acidic woods, pine flatwoods, and sandhills. Its an evergreen shrub that can grow up to 1 meter high, with oval or elliptical leaves and small, bell-shaped white or pink-tinged flowers that bloom in late spring. Its fruit is a dry capsule that contains numerous small seeds.

Phalsa, scientifically known as Grewia asiatica, is a species of shrubs or small trees native to southern Asia, particularly India and Pakistan. It produces small blue-purple fruits which are sour-sweet and astringent in taste. These fruits are edible and used in making beverages, jam and desserts. Phalsa is also known for its medicinal properties, including relieving inflammation and fever.