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Intellectual property refers to the ownership of intangible and non-physical goods. This includes ideas, names, designs, symbols, artwork, writings, and other creations. It also refers to digital media, such as audio and video clips that can be downloaded online.
Since intellectual property is intangible, it is more difficult to protect than other types of property. For example, tangible property, such as a car, can be recovered or replaced if it is stolen. However, if intellectual property is stolen, it may be difficult to recover. Say for example, a person comes up with a great idea for a new invention. If someone else steals the idea, the potential profit of the invention may also be taken away. Similarly, if a digital recording of a new song is leaked on the Internet, thousands of people may download it and redistribute it to others. If this happens, the profit potential of selling the music may be substantially diminished.
Because of its monetary implications, intellectual property it is often used as a legal term to safeguard the rights of creators and inventors. It has also become increasingly important to media production companies who need to protect the distribution of their digital media. By defining and establishing intellectual property rights, innovators and creators can have legal protection of their ideas and creations. This may be done by copyrighting written works, applying for patents for inventions, and trademarking brands, names, and logos. Of course, the sooner these legal steps are taken, the better. After all, it is much easier to protect an idea before it is stolen than after someone else takes it!

Stands for Floating Point Unit. An FPU is a processor or part of a processor that performs floating point calculations. While early FPUs were standalone processors, most are now integrated inside a computers CPU.
Even without an floating point unit, a CPU can handle both integer and floating point (non-integer) calculations. However, integer operations use significantly different logic than floating point operations, which makes it inefficient to use the same processor to handle both types of operations. An FPU provides a faster way to handle calculations with non-integer numbers.
Any mathematical operation, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division can be performed by either the integer processing unit or the FPU. When a CPU receives an instruction, it automatically sends it to the corresponding processor. For example, 12 5 would be processed as an integer calculation, while 1.0023 x 5.789 would get sent to the FPU. While it is possible for a programmer to write an instruction specifically for either processing unit, it is usually unnecessary.
Since integer and floating point performance can vary significantly, most processor benchmarks include both types of operations. Integer calculation speed is typically listed as integer performance and is labeled SPECint in SPEC benchmarks. FPU calculation speed is often listed as floating point performance and can be measured in FLOPS.

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An exabyte is 1018 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes.
One exabyte (abbreviated EB) is equal to 1,000 petabytes and precedes the zettabyte unit of measurement. Exabytes are slightly smaller than exbibytes, which contain 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 (260) bytes.
The exabyte unit of measure measurement is so large, it is not used to measure the capacity of data storage devices. Even the storage capacity of the largest cloud storage centers is measured in petabytes, which is a fraction of one exabyte. Instead, exabytes are used to measure the sum of multiple storage networks or the amount of data transferred over the Internet in a certain amount of time. For example, several hundred exabytes of data are transferred over the Internet each year.
NOTE: View a list of all the units of measurement used for measuring data storage.

Stands for Document Type Definition. A DTD defines the tags and attributes used in an XML or HTML document. Any elements defined in a DTD can be used in these documents, along with the predefined tags and attributes that are part of each markup language. The following is an example of a DTD used for defining an automobile:
<!DOCTYPE automobile [    <!ENTITY header Car Details>    <!ELEMENT make (#PCDATA)>    <!ELEMENT model (#PCDATA)>    <!ATTLIST model doors (two | four) #required>    <!ELEMENT year (#PCDATA)>    <!ELEMENT engine (#PCDATA)>    <!ATTLIST engine transmission (manual | automatic) #required> ]>
The above DTD first defines the header of the item as Car Details. Then it provides elements to define the make and model of the automobile. The #PCDATA data type means it can be any text value). The ATTLIST tag on the next line provides options for a specific element. In this case, it states that the model can have either two or four doors. The DTD then provides elements for the year and engine type of the car, followed by a choice of either a manual or automatic transmission for the engine.
The above example is a basic DTD that only uses a few data types. Document type definitions used for large XML databases can be thousands of lines long and can include many other data types. Fortunately, DTDs can be easily modified in a text editor whenever changes need to be made.

Del.icio.us, pronounced simply delicious, is a community bookmarking website in which users can save Web pages they find and share them with other users. Because users bookmarks are made public and viewable by other users, other people often bookmark Web pages that they find within other users bookmarks. Del.icio.us keeps track of how many people bookmark each site and posts the most popular websites on its home page.
Common Web pages bookmarked by Del.icio.us users include news stories, online learning resources, and tech support pages. Since other users add useful pages to their bookmarks, the best Web pages eventually rise to the top of the popularity chain. The result is a collection of Web pages that are helpful and worthwhile visiting.
Users can either browse or search the database of bookmarks on Del.icio.us. When a user saves a bookmark, he or she can add a description and tags (keywords) that are pertinent to the Web page. This help the page show up for relevant searches. The results of Del.icio.us searches are often of higher quality than a regular search engine since the sites have all been chosen by users. Apparently, other Web surfers agree, since the website became so popular that Yahoo! bought the Del.icio.us at the end of 2005.
The domain name del.icio.us is a creative modification of the standard domain syntax, where del is the domain prefix and icio.us is the domain name, with us being the domain suffix.

In the early days of the United States, pioneers traveled west and claimed federal land as their own. These people were called squatters, since they claimed rights to the land simply by occupying it. In the mid-1800s, during the California gold rush, squatters became especially prominent and settled land throughout the west coast.
In the early 1990s, a new gold rush began, but this time the rush was for domain names, rather than gold. Many early Internet users saw the potential value of prominent domain names and began to register as many domains as they could. Over the course of a few years, nearly all common dot coms were registered. Many of these domain names were registered for investment purposes, rather than being used for legitimate websites. This practice soon became known as cybersquatting.
Cybersquatters may own anywhere from a single domain to a few thousand domain names. These domainers, as they are also called, typically register domain names that contain popular words and phrases. High profile domain names may generate traffic through manual type-ins or may simply be attractive to potential buyers. Some domainers, called typosquatters, register domain names that are similar to well-known websites, but contain typos. The goal of these domains is to generate traffic through mistyped URLs. Generally, cybersquatters profit from their domain names by one of two ways: 1) generating advertising clicks on parked pages (single-page websites), or 2) selling the domains at a significant premium to those interested in buying them.
While some cybersquatters have made huge profits by selling high-interest domain names, others have been forced to give up domains to the rightful owners. The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA) was passed in 1999, which gives owners of trademarked or registered names legal rights to a related domain name. In general terms, the law states that users cannot register a domain name that is the same or similar to the name of a known entity. This prevents cybersquatters from extorting money from businesses or individuals by obtaining a specific domain name.
If a dispute over a domain name arises, the two parties may bring the case through a legal proceeding. However, since this is a time-consuming process, ICANN has developed the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP), which givens trademark owners a simple means to retrieve domain names from cybersquatters. While cybersquatters still exist and remain prominent today, the rightful owners of certain names now have an easier (and much less expensive) way of getting the domain names they deserve.

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Stands for Content Delivery Network. A CDN is a group of servers distributed in different locations. Small CDNs may be located within a single country, while large CDNs are spread across data centers around the world.
CDNs are used to provide content to users in different locations as quickly as possible. For example, a user in San Francisco may receive website content from a server in Los Angeles, while a user in England may receive the same content from a server in London. This is accomplished using data replication, which stores the same data on multiple servers. Whenever you access a website hosted on a CDN, the network will intelligently provide you with the content using the server closest to the your geographical location.
By providing Internet-based content over a CDN, large businesses can avoid bottlenecks associated with serving data from a single location. It also helps limit the impact of security breaches, such as denial of service attacks. If hardware fails on one server, the CDN can quickly reroute traffic to the next best server, limiting or even eliminating downtime.
While CDNs are often used to host websites, they are commonly used to provide other types of downloadable data as well. Examples include software programs, images, videos, and streaming media. Cloud computing services are often provided over content delivery networks as well. Since CDNs automatically choose the best server for each user, there is no need to manually choose the most efficient location, like some FTP download services require.
NOTE: While CDNs are often accessed via standard URLs, many CDNs include the letters cdn in their web address.

Stands for Compact Disc File System. CDFS is a file system used for storing data on CDs. It is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and is also known as ISO 9660. Discs that store data using the ISO 9660 standard can be recognized by multiple platforms, including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux systems.
CDFS specifies several disc properties, including the volume attributes, file attributes, and file placement. It also specifies the overall data structure of a CD, such as the header size and the data storage area of the disc. While CDFS was originally designed for read-only single-session discs, an extension of the standard allows multiple-session writing to CD-R discs. This means multiple volumes may be stored on a single CD.
The CDFS standard is useful for burning discs that will be shared between multiple computers. Because CDFS is not specific to a single operating system, a disc burned on a Macintosh using the compact disk file system can be read on a Windows or Linux-based computer. Disc images can also be saved using the CDFS standard, which may be used to burn ISO 9660 discs. These files are typically saved with an .ISO file extension.

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Bandwidth describes the maximum data transfer rate of a network or Internet connection. It measures how much data can be sent over a specific connection in a given amount of time. For example, a gigabit Ethernet connection has a bandwidth of 1,000 Mbps, (125 megabytes per second). An Internet connection via cable modem may provide 25 Mbps of bandwidth.
While bandwidth is used to describe network speeds, it does not measure how fast bits of data move from one location to another. Since data packets travel over electronic or fiber optic cables, the speed of each bit transferred is negligible. Instead, bandwidth measures how much data can flow through a specific connection at one time.
When visualizing bandwidth, it may help to think of a network connection as a tube and each bit of data as a grain of sand. If you pour a large amount of sand into a skinny tube, it will take a long time for the sand to flow through it. If you pour the same amount of sand through a wide tube, the sand will finish flowing through the tube much faster. Similarly, a download will finish much faster when you have a high-bandwidth connection rather than a low-bandwidth connection.
Data often flows over multiple network connections, which means the connection with the smallest bandwidth acts as a bottleneck. Generally, the Internet backbone and connections between servers have the most bandwidth, so they rarely serve as bottlenecks. Instead, the most common Internet bottleneck is your connection to your ISP.
NOTE: Bandwidth also refers to a range of frequencies used to transmit a signal. This type of bandwidth is measured in hertz and is often referenced in signal processing applications.
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Stands for Frequently Asked Questions. An FAQ, pronounced F-A-Q, is a list of answers to common questions about a specific product or service. In the IT world, FAQs are created for software programs, computer hardware, websites, and online services. They serve as a central reference for locating answers to common questions.

Since FAQs are based on user feedback, they typically evolve over time. For example, a software company may receive a large number of emails regarding a specific step in their software installer. The company may clarify the step in their FAQ so that users can find the answer without needing to email the company. This cuts down on technical support, saving time for both the software company and the end users.

Some software programs and hardware devices come with an FAQ document. In some cases, the FAQ is contained in the readme file, though it may also be a separate file or included within a printed manual. Most often, FAQs are located on a website. This allows the respective company or organization to regularly update the FAQ based on users questions. Most FAQs are located within the Support section of a website.