Asthma is a chronic lung condition marked by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms can vary in intensity and are often triggered by allergens, cold air, physical activity, or respiratory infections. Asthma may have genetic roots, but environmental factors like pollution, allergens, and stress also contribute to its development. There are different forms of asthma, including allergic asthma, eosinophilic asthma (a severe type linked to high eosinophil levels), and cough variant asthma, where a persistent dry cough is the main symptom. See more what causes asthma.

Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and keeping airways open. Quick-relief medications such as Ventolin (albuterol/salbutamol) are fast-acting bronchodilators used during attacks or before exercise. Long-term control is managed with inhaled corticosteroids like Beclomethasone and Aristocort (triamcinolone), which reduce airway inflammation. Combination inhalers such as Seroflo, Advair Diskus, and Advair Rotacap combine corticosteroids with long-acting bronchodilators (LABAs) like salmeterol for ongoing symptom management. Theo-24 CR, an oral theophylline-based drug, offers extended bronchodilation but is used with caution due to potential side effects.
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