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Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha amino acids appear in the genetic code.Amino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups, as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids; other categories relate to polarity, ionization, and side chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acid residues form the second-largest component (water being the largest) of human muscles and other tissues. Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. It is thought that they played a key role in enabling life on Earth and its emergence.

The carnation family, scientifically known as the Caryophyllaceae, is a large plant family that consists of approximately 2000 species spread over 80-100 genera. This family is characterized by hermaphroditic flowers, often with five petals, and has a cosmopolitan distribution with significant presence in the alpine and arctic sectors of the temperate climatic zone. Some well-known members of this family include carnations, pinks, and chickweeds.

The genus Malaclemys belongs to the family Emydidae and is represented by species of freshwater turtles commonly known as diamondback terrapins. They are typically found in the brackish coastal swamps of the United States. The turtles of this genus are unique due to their adaptations to survive in both salt and fresh water.