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Deficiencies

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Sonia
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a state of not having, or not having enough, of something that is needed:
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Deficiencies meaning & definition 1 of Deficiencies.
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Dianne
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the lack of something that is needed in order to meet a particular standard or level of quality, or the thing that is lacking:
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Deficiencies meaning & definition 2 of Deficiencies.

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A striped racer, also known as the California whipsnake, is a species of non-venomous snake native to the coast and foothills of California. It is a long, slender, and fast-moving snake, identified by its distinctive stripes running down the length of its body. They primarily feed on lizards and small rodents. The scientific name for this species is Masticophis lateralis.
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Torturer is a Death/Thrash metal band, formed in 1989 in Santiago, Chile. The band is one of only a few Chilean bands recognized beyond the borders of its own country.
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Higher cognitive process refers to complex mental activities or operations that allow individuals to engage in advanced reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, learning and understanding. These processes often involve abilities like memory recall, comprehension, meta-cognition, and critical thinking. They are often associated with high-level brain functions and are influenced by an individuals experiences, knowledge, culture, and goals.
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Honky-tonk refers to two things:

A type of ragtime music characterized by its upbeat rhythm, often associated with the Southern parts of the United States, particularly with bars or dance halls that feature this type of music.

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Protein s deficiency

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Carnitine deficiency

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Growth hormone deficiency in children

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Iron deficiency anemia

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Chromium deficiency

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Only 1 to 3% of biologically active trivalent chromium (Cr) is absorbed. Normal plasma levels are 0.05 to 0.50 mcg/L (1.0 to 9.6 nmol/L). However, it is not clear whether chromium should be considered an essential (required) trace element (1).
Chromium potentiates insulin activity; however, it is not known whether chromium picolinate supplementation is beneficial in diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes should not take chromium supplements unless use is supervised by a diabetes specialist. Chromium supplements do not enhance muscle size or strength.
Patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition rarely develop chromium deficiency. Symptoms respond to trivalent chromium 150 to 250 mg.
(See also Overview of Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity.)
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Zinc deficiency

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• • • Agnes

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Zinc (Zn) is contained mainly in bones, teeth, hair, skin, liver, muscle, leukocytes, and testes. Zinc is a component of several hundred enzymes, including many nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenases, RNA and DNA polymerases, and DNA transcription factors as well as alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, and carbonic anhydrase.
A diet high in fiber and phytate (eg, in whole-grain bread) reduces zinc absorption.
(See also Overview of Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity.)
Dietary deficiency is unlikely in healthy persons. Secondary zinc deficiency can develop in the following:

Patients taking diuretics
Patients with diabetes mellitus, sickle cell disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, chronic alcoholism, or malabsorption
Patients with stressful conditions (eg, sepsis, burns, head injury)
Elderly institutionalized and homebound patients (common)

Maternal zinc deficiency may cause fetal malformations and low birth weight.
Zinc deficiency in children causes impaired growth, impaired taste (hypogeusia), delayed sexual maturation, and hypogonadism. In children or adults, manifestations also include alopecia, impaired immunity, anorexia, dermatitis, night blindness, anemia, lethargy, and impaired wound healing.
Zinc deficiency should be suspected in undernourished patients with typical symptoms or signs. However, because many of the symptoms and signs are nonspecific, clinical diagnosis of mild zinc deficiency is difficult. Laboratory diagnosis is also difficult. Low albumin levels, common in zinc deficiency, make serum zinc levels difficult to interpret; diagnosis usually requires the combination of low levels of zinc in serum and increased urinary zinc excretion. If available, isotope studies can measure zinc status more accurately.
Treatment of zinc deficiency consists of elemental zinc 15 to 120 mg orally once/day until symptoms and signs resolve.
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Niacin deficiency

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Dietary niacin deficiency (causing pellagra) is uncommon in developed countries. Clinical manifestations include the three Ds: localized pigmented rash (dermatitis); gastroenteritis (diarrhea); and widespread neurologic deficits, including cognitive decline (dementia). Diagnosis is usually clinical, and dietary supplementation (oral or, if needed, intramuscular ) is usually successful.
Niacin (nicotinic acid, nicotinamide) derivatives include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are coenzymes in oxidation-reduction reactions. They are vital in cell metabolism.
Dietary sources of niacin include liver, red meat, fish, poultry, legumes, and whole-grain or enriched cereals and breads. Because dietary tryptophan can be metabolized to niacin , foods rich in tryptophan (eg, dairy products) can compensate for inadequate dietary niacin .
(See also Overview of Vitamins.)
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Riboflavin deficiency

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Vitiation refers to the action of spoiling, impairing, corrupting or making something ineffective, typically in the context of legal contracts or agreements. A contract, for instance, can be vitiated if there was a mistake, misrepresentation or fraud involved in its formation, rendering it invalid or unenforceable. In broader terms, vitiation can also refer to the process of corruption or degradation.

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