Melioidosis

[Becky]

Melioidosis is an infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas) pseudomallei. Manifestations include pneumonia, septicemia, and localized infection in various organs. Diagnosis is by staining and culture. Treatment with antibiotics, such as ceftazidime , is prolonged.
Burkholderia pseudomallei can be isolated from soil and water and is endemic in Southeast Asia; Australia; Central, West, and East Africa; India; the Middle East; and China.
Humans may contract melioidosis by contamination of skin abrasions or burns, ingestion, or inhalation but not directly from infected animals or other humans.
In endemic areas, melioidosis is likely to occur in patients with

Diabetes
Alcoholism
Chronic renal disease
Immunocompromise including AIDS

Melioidosis is also a potential agent of bioterrorism.

[Zipporah Schumaker]

An infectious disease of rodents, similar to glanders. It is occasionally transmitted to people, in whom it can cause pneumonia, multiple abscesses, and septicaemia.