• Enteral tube nutrition is indicated for patients who have a functioning gastrointestinal (GI) tract but cannot ingest enough nutrients orally because they are unable or unwilling to take oral feedings. (See also Overview of Nutritional Support.)
    Compared with parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition has the following advantages:

    Better preservation of the structure and function of the GI tract
    Lower cost
    Probably fewer complications, particularly infections

    Specific indications for enteral nutrition include the following:

    Prolonged anorexia
    Severe protein-energy undernutrition
    Coma or depressed sensorium
    Liver failure
    Inability to take oral feedings due to head or neck trauma
    Critical illnesses (eg, burns) causing metabolic stress

    Other indications may include bowel preparation for surgery in seriously ill or undernourished patients, closure of enterocutaneous fistulas, and small-bowel adaptation after massive intestinal resection or in disorders that may cause malabsorption (eg, Crohn disease).


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