Infection of the esophagus

[Cami]

Infection of the esophagus occurs mainly in people who have impaired defense mechanisms that protect the esophagus from infection. The main causes of infection are Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus.
The esophagus is the hollow tube that leads from the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. (See also Overview of the Esophagus.)
There are several defense mechanisms that protect the esophagus against infection. These defenses include saliva, the normal movement (contractions) of the esophagus, and the cells of the immune system. Thus, people at risk of infection include those who have AIDS, an organ transplant, alcoholism, diabetes, a weakened or impaired immune system, undernutrition, cancer, or movement (motility) disorders of the esophagus. Candida infection may occur in any of these people. Herpes simplex virus infections and cytomegalovirus infection occur mainly in people who have AIDS or who have had an organ transplant and are taking drugs that suppress the immune system.
Pain with swallowing (odynophagia) is the typical symptom. Some people also notice difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). These infections also cause ulcers (sores) and irritation and swelling of the esophagus (esophagitis).