Starting an exercise program

[Vania]

People should consult their doctor before beginning competitive sports or an exercise program. Doctors ask about known medical disorders in the person and family members and about symptoms the person may have. They then do a physical examination, including listening to the heart with a stethoscope. This evaluation aims to identify previously unsuspected heart disorders that can lead to serious heart rhythm abnormalities or sudden, unexpected death triggered by strenuous exercise. It also detects conditions that could restrict activities. For example, overweight people are more likely to develop musculoskeletal injuries after activities involving sudden starts and stops (jerking motions of the joints typical of activities like tennis and basketball) as well as those that involve impact (such as jogging). Doctors may recommend safe introductory programs and discuss specific limitations to ensure safety and limit injuries.
People older than age 40 who are starting an exercise program should report any diagnoses of heart disorders or arthritis and describe any symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain during walking, palpitations (awareness of heartbeat) or irregular heartbeats, joint pain or swelling, and inability to exercise for long periods. They should also mention any immediate family members who were younger than 50 when they died suddenly due to a heart problem. Most people do not need an exercise stress test, and many do not need an electrocardiogram (ECG) before they begin exercise if they plan to increase exercise intensity gradually.
Certain drugs may decrease the ability to exercise, such as beta-blockers, which slow heart rate, and sedatives, which can cause drowsiness or reduce mental alertness and muscle control, thereby increasing the risk of falling or injury. Other drugs may affect the body