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Smallpox vaccine

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Ernesto
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In the United States, routine vaccination with the smallpox vaccine was stopped in 1972 because smallpox had been eliminated. Because the vaccine’s protective effects wear off after about 10 years, most people are now susceptible to smallpox.
Recent fears about the possible use of smallpox by terrorists have led to the suggestion that smallpox vaccination resume. If smallpox vaccination is resumed, it is likely to be recommended only for people in the area of a smallpox outbreak. Some military personnel are now vaccinated (based on their risk of exposure if smallpox were to be used as a biological weapon), and enough smallpox vaccine has been prepared to vaccinate everyone in the United States if needed.
The smallpox vaccine contains live vaccinia virus, which is related to and provides immunity against the smallpox virus.
The vaccine is most effective when given very early after exposure. However, the vaccine may also be beneficial if given in the first days after symptoms appear. There is no proven treatment for smallpox, but some antiviral drugs (such as cidofovir ) may help treat it or prevent it from getting worse.
For more information, see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Smallpox is a highly contagious, very deadly disease caused by the variola virus. The disease is now considered eliminated.

There have been no cases of smallpox since 1977.
People can acquire the infection by breathing air exhaled or coughed out by an infected person.
People have a fever, headache, backache, and rash, sometimes with severe abdominal pain, and they feel very ill.
The diagnosis is confirmed when the virus is identified in a sample taken from the rash.
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Treatment involves fluids, relief of symptoms, and treatments to maintain blood pressure and help with breathing.

(See also Overview of Viral Infections.)
The smallpox virus can exist only in people—not in animals.
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The severe form (variola major) is the most common and is the one of concern.
The other form (variola minor) is much less common and much less severe.

Throughout history, smallpox has killed millions of people. Over 200 years ago, a vaccine against smallpox (the first vaccine ever) was developed. The vaccine proved very effective and was given to people throughout the world. The last case of smallpox was reported in 1977. In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease eliminated and recommended stopping vaccination.
Samples of the virus are kept in two high-security laboratories (one in the United States and one in Russia).
Because the vaccine’s protective effects gradually wear off, nearly all people—even those previously vaccinated—are believed to be susceptible to smallpox to various degrees. This lack of protection is a concern only because samples of the virus have been stored, and some people worry that terrorist groups could obtain the virus and release it into the population. The resulting epidemic would be devastating.
The smallpox virus spreads directly from person to person and is acquired by breathing air contaminated with droplets of moisture breathed or coughed out by an infected person. Contact with clothing or bed linens used by an infected person can also spread the disease. Smallpox usually spreads to people who have close personal contact with an infected person. Rarely, smallpox spreads through the air in an closed environment, such as a building, where someone has smallpox. A large outbreak in a school or workplace would be uncommon.
The virus survives no more than 2 days in the environment— less if temperature and humidity are high.
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Smallpox vaccine