Prosthesis fitting

[Sommer]

There are many options for limb prostheses. However, the fitting process typically follows the same steps regardless of the options chosen. After the socket fits and functions well, people are referred to physical therapy and occupational therapy for training sessions. As the amputee becomes accustomed to the prostheses, the prosthetist may make adjustments to further optimize function and reduce energy expenditure. (See also Overview of Limb Prosthetics.)
A prosthesis has 7 basic parts:

Residual-limb gel cushion interface: A silicone gel or viscoelastic material that protects the skin and adjusts pressure
Suspension system: Connects the prosthesis to the body
Socket: Rigid plastic receptacle into which the residual limb with gel interface is inserted (there may be an inner primary flexible socket that helps adjust pressure)
Joints (ankle, knee, wrist, elbow) and terminal appendage (hand, foot)
Modular endoskeletal system connection couplings: Connect prosthetic joints and terminal appendages and provide adjustability
Anatomic shape: Soft foam material that simulates muscle contours and protects endoskeletal components
Synthetic skin: Thin, tone-matching layer applied over the anatomic shape

During the fitting process, the prosthetist makes a mold of the residual limb (stump) using plaster or fiberglass bandages or by digital imaging. The mold or digital image is used to create a positive model of the limb, which is then modified to better match the individual characteristics of the person