Battery Charging

[Jessica]

The circuitry to recharge the batteries in a portable product such a mobile phone plays an important part in determining the battery longevity and the practicalities of using the product on a daily basis.
The charging protocol (how much voltage or current for how long, and what to do when charging is complete) depends on the size and type of the battery being charged.
The modern battery chargers adapt the charging parameters dynamically based on the level of charging the battery has reached. An empty battery can be charged faster without any safety risk. This is why most benchmarks for charging speed (ours included) quote the battery charging level reached after a 30-minute charging session on an empty battery.
With basic chargers outputting 5V/1A equalling to 5W of power, anything faster than that is considered quick or fast charging. Quick charging
Quick charging field is still very much fragmented and almost every manufacturer has its own solution - most of the time, including proprietary tech.
The most common solution is the 5V/2A charging which delivers 10W of power and pretty much every phone other there supports this charging rate. The real quick charging starts from there and up.
Smartphones utilizing Qualcomm chipsets can make use of Qualcomms QuickCharge protocol. Its been through a few generations already with the latest one being QuickCharge 4 . It is backward compatible with the previous generations and the most common implementations peak at 18W of power output. Motorola is using this standard for its phones even though they are marketing it as TurboPower and QuickCharge is not mentioned anywhere.
Similarly to Qualcomm, MediaTek has also introduced its own charging standard called Pump Express, which is supported by phones using the companys chipsets and it requires its own set of proprietary chargers. The latest generation of the standard is PumpExpress 3.0 and it utilizes a USB-C connector for the charging cable. Pump Express 2.0 is available as well as a more budget solution and it allows the use of a microUSB connector.
USB Power Delivery is another quick charging standard and this one is not limited to a particular hardware manufacturer. It doesnt require proprietary hardware though it does require the use of USB-C to USB-C cable. The maximum power output is 100W because there are even laptops that rely on this standard for charging. The current implementations in smartphones however only go as high as 18W of power output.
Oppo, Vivo and OnePlus share some of their intellectual property and R