Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency usually results from inadequate absorption, but deficiency can develop in vegans who do not take vitamin supplements. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, damage to the white matter of the spinal cord and brain, and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis is usually made by measuring serum vitamin B12 levels. The Schilling test helps determine etiology. Treatment consists of oral or parenteral vitamin B12. Folate (folic acid) should not be used instead of vitamin B12 because folate may alleviate the anemia but allow neurologic deficits to progress.
Cobalamin is a general term for compounds with biologic vitamin B12 activity. These compounds are involved in nucleic acid metabolism, methyl transfer, and myelin synthesis and repair. They are necessary for the formation of normal red blood cells and normal neural function (see table Sources, Functions, and Effects of Vitamins).
Dietary sources of vitamin B12 include meats (especially beef, pork, and organ meats [eg, liver]), poultry, eggs, fortified cereals, milk and milk products, and seafood such as clams, oysters, mackerel, and salmon. Food-bound vitamin B12 is released in the stomach’s acid environment and is bound to R protein (haptocorrin). Pancreatic enzymes cleave this B12 complex (B12-R protein) in the small intestine. After cleavage, intrinsic factor, secreted by parietal cells in the gastric mucosa, binds with vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is required for absorption of vitamin B12, which takes place in the terminal ileum.
Vitamin B12 in plasma is bound to transcobalamins I and II. Transcobalamin II is responsible for delivering vitamin B12 to tissues. The liver stores large amounts of vitamin B12. Enterohepatic reabsorption helps retain vitamin B12. Liver vitamin B12 stores can normally sustain physiologic needs for 3 to 5 years if B12 intake stops (eg, in people who become vegans) and for months to 1 year if enterohepatic reabsorption capacity is absent.
Large amounts of vitamin B12 seem to be nontoxic but are not recommended for regular use (ie, as a general tonic).
(See also Overview of Vitamins.)
Vitamin
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Any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.
Vitamin meaning & definition 1 of Vitamin.
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A chemical that make you feel better. Different vitamins have different effects. Everybody need them to be happy and sometimes, productive, individuals.
vitamin C : A lot of americans get plenty of this vitamin thanks to the popularity of the delicious brew. Also named: caffeine, [trimethylxanthine]. If coffee is not enough you can have lot of them from No-Doz. Everybody know its effects and importance so im not gonna explain it all.
[Vitamin A] (amphet) : Believe by many to be a stronger version of [vit].C. Of course NOT! Important to be motivated, euphoric, energetic and not suffer from sleep. Exist in different potency.
Chemical scientific name: All amphetamine analogs especially methamphetamine. Some weaker or less useful substitutes are methylphenidate, [methcathinone], etc.
Rich people buy the [rich mans] amphetamine known as coke.
[vitamin O] (opioids): Make you feel relaxed, happy and content about everything. The brain doesnt make enough of its natural vitamin O (endorphins). Thats why you need supplements. It is not actually a chemical but a group of chemical. Some of them are more concentrated.
(from weak to strong): Codeine ([tylenol 3s]), [DHC], hydrocodone (vics), oxycodone (percs), methadone, morphine (MS [contin]), heroin (smack), fentanyl (China White).
[vitamin K]: Also known as horse tranquilizer it is also very healthy for humans. When the body is saturated of this vitamin, one enter what is known as the K hole. If you cant afford or find this rare vitamin you can try DXM or PCP. Both are less good, but whatever.
[vitamin B] : The only vitamin you can find in pretty much any store, and for cheap.
cheap vitamin-rich liquids: MD20/20, [Night Train Express], Thunderbird, Wild Irish Rose, Cisco, Buckfast.
A high-technology replacement is GHB it is engineered to have better effects and be non-damaging (its true i swear!). Unfortunately its hard to find.
[vitamin T] : Very important to open your mind. Beware of adverse reactions known as bad trips.
Scientific name: Tryptamines
Substances: mainly acid, [shroomz] and DMT. But there are a lot of other different sub-vitamins.
[vitamin M] : Dude, its like... woah... The essential... And YOU TOO can make it at home!
Note: the active constituant is THC.
[vitamin N] : Conveniently sold at cig-stores. Good news: you can help people get their dose of vit.N by smoking in crowded place, it is known as the 2nd hand smoke effect.
datura or dramamine at high dose, people think they are vitamins and takeem... But theyre not!!! NOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION!!!Of course you must balance your intake. People going on megavitamin treatments are known as special names(1) most of them are harmful except vit.M. for example.
The people suffering from a total lack of vitamins are known as straight edge or sXe. You should help them to ingest healthy vitamins.
Straight edgism should be eradicated from this planet, if the words dont work then use the gun (or any weapon)!
Remember. Vitamins = Heaven !
Eating isnt the only way to get vitamins. Use paraphernalia(2)!Vitamin meaning & definition 2 of Vitamin.
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[According] to [el chapo], anyone that you [have sex] with that gives you life.
Vitamin meaning & definition 3 of Vitamin.
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An essential element that your body needs to function properly. Most [vitamins] come from [nutritious] food, although [vitamin D] is produced when your skin is exposed to sunlight.
Vitamin meaning & definition 4 of Vitamin.