Caliph

[Sarah]

Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammedboth as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans ofTurkey, [Writting also calif.]

[Gregory]

The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924 by Atatürk.

[Emorynaseaps]

the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth