Subrogation

[Couch Potatoe]

The substitution of one person in the place of another
as a creditor, the new creditor succeeding to the rights of the former;
the mode by which a third person who pays a creditor succeeds to his
rights against the debtor.

[Marquetta]

the ability that an insurance company has to get the money it has paid to a customer back from the person who caused the accident, damage, etc.