A striped racer, also known as the California whipsnake, is a species of non-venomous snake native to the coast and foothills of California. It is a long, slender, and fast-moving snake, identified by its distinctive stripes running down the length of its body. They primarily feed on lizards and small rodents. The scientific name for this species is Masticophis lateralis.
Introduction to inherited disorders of metabolism
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Most inherited disorders of metabolism (also called inborn errors of metabolism) are caused by mutations in genes that code for enzymes; enzyme deficiency or inactivity leads to
Accumulation of substrate precursors or metabolites or
Deficiencies of the enzyme’s productsHundreds of disorders exist, and although most inherited disorders of metabolism are extremely rare individually, collectively they are not rare.
Inherited metabolic disorders are typically grouped by the affected substrate, for example:Amino acid metabolism disorders
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Fatty acid metabolism disorders
Purine and pyrimidine metabolism disordersMost states in the US routinely do neonatal screening of all newborns for specific inherited disorders of metabolism and other conditions, including phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, biotinidase deficiency, homocystinuria, maple syrup urine disease, and galactosemia. Many states have an expanded screening program that covers many more inherited disorders of metabolism, including disorders of fatty acid oxidation and other organic acidemias. For a comprehensive review of each of these conditions, see also the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics#39; (ACMG) newborn screening ACT sheets and algorithms.
Metabolic defects that primarily cause disease in adults (eg, gout, porphyria), are organ-specific (eg, Wilson disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia), or are common (eg, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis) are discussed elsewhere in THE MANUAL. For inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, see Table: Genetic (Primary) Dyslipidemias.
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