Lower esophageal ring

[Lanell]

A lower esophageal ring narrows the lower esophagus and is most likely present at birth.
The esophagus is the hollow tube that leads from the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. (See also Overview of Esophageal Obstructions.)
Some lower esophageal rings may be caused by inflammation of the esophagus due to acid reflux or pills that are not completely swallowed (erosive esophagitis).
Normally, the lower esophagus has a diameter of about