Gout

[Sarah]

A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It constistsin an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of thejoints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next thesmaller joints, after which, it may attack the greater articulations.It is attended with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly inthe digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as thestomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison.

[Sarah]

n. a form of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals (due to hyperuricemia) in joints. It is an immensely painful disease, which in most cases affects only one joint, most commonly the big toe. The patient usually suffers from two sources of pain. The crystals inside the joint cause immense pain whenever the affected area is moved. The inflammation of the tissues around the joint also causes the skin to be swollen, tender and sore.

[Sarah]

Although the true meaning of gout is ''a kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in the joints. Acute gout is a painful condition that typically affects one joint'' when used as an adjective gout becomes an insult, meaning 'ill person' or 'an individual that is painful to be around.'

Also can be used as a verb of a similar meaning. Someone might inflict annoyance and mental pain on someone, thus will gout them, or is gouting.

[Britney]

A disease in which defective metabolism of uric acid causes arthritis, especially in the smaller bones of the feet, deposition of chalk-stones, and episodes of acute pain.

[Jessica]

Gout is a disorder caused by hyperuricemia (serum urate greater than 6.8 mg/dL [greater than 0.4 mmol/L]) that results in the precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in and around joints, most often causing recurrent acute or chronic arthritis. The initial attack (flare) of gout is usually monarticular and often involves the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint. Symptoms of gout include acute, severe pain, tenderness, warmth, redness, and swelling. Definite diagnosis requires identification of crystals in synovial fluid. Treatment of acute flares is with anti-inflammatory drugs. The frequency of flares can be reduced by regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine , or both and by persistently lowering the serum urate level with allopurinol , febuxostat , or uricosuric drugs such as probenecid .
(See also Overview of Crystal-Induced Arthritides.)
Gout is more common among men than women. Usually, gout develops during middle age in men and after menopause in women. Gout is rare in younger people but is often more severe in people who develop the disorder before age 30. Gout often runs in families. Patients with metabolic syndrome are at risk of gout.