Definitions

A parent that is female.

a chessman shaped to resemble the head of a horse; can move two squares horizontally and one vertically (or vice versa)

A pummelo is a large, round or pear-shaped citrus fruit with a sweet, mild flavor. It is the largest fruit in the citrus family, with a thick, spongy rind and pale yellow to pink flesh. It is often used in salads, desserts, and drinks, and is considered the ancestor of the grapefruit. It is also known as pomelo, shaddock, or Chinese grapefruit.

Lagodon is a genus of fishes in the family Sparidae, which includes only one species: Lagodon rhomboides, commonly known as the Pinfish. They are found in the Atlantic coast of the United States and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.

A drinking bout refers to a period of time during which a person engages in excessive or continuous consumption of alcoholic beverages, often in a social setting. This could be just for one evening, over a weekend, or sometimes even extending for several days. It is often associated with binge drinking or heavy drinking, which can lead to drunkenness and potential harmful effects.

skor′pėr, n. a gouging-chisel [For scauper.]

Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (alternatively spelt orthopaedics), is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.

Renewing refers to the process of making something valid, new, fresh, or strong again. This could include extending the validity period of a contract, license, or subscription, rejuvenating ones energy or physical state, or restoring somethings previous condition by repairing or cleaning.

A moneylender is an individual or group who offers small personal loans at high rates of interest. This practice, also known as money lending, typically involves lending money to people who cannot obtain loans from formal financial institutions such as banks. Moneylenders can be legal and regulated entities or illegal and unregulated, sometimes associated with predatory lending practices or loan sharking.

The northern division of the island of Great Britain. An account has been given under the article Picts (which see) of the early inhabitants of the country which has long been known by the name of Scotland. The original Scotia, or Scotland, was Ireland, and the Scoti, or Scots, at their first appearance in history were the people of Ireland. The original seat of the Scots in Northern Britain was in Argyle, which they acquired by colonization and conquest before the end of the 5th century, and from whence they spread themselves along the western coast from the Firth of Clyde to the modern Ross. The first prince of the British Scots mentioned in authentic annals was Fergus, son of Eric, who crossed over to Britain about the year 503. His great-grandson, Conal, was king of the British Scots when Columba began the conversion of the Northern Picts. His nephew, Aidan, who succeeded him was a powerful prince, and more than once successfully invaded the English border, but toward the end of his reign he received a severe defeat from the Northumbrian sovereign Ethelfrid at the battle of Degsestan. The history of Aidan’s successors is obscure. Their kingdom was overshadowed by the more powerful monarchy of the Picts, with which, as well as with its neighbors in the south,—the Britons of Cumbria,—it was engaged in almost unceasing conflict. The Scots were for some time under some sort of subjection to the English of Northumbria, but recovered their independence on the defeat and death of King Egfried in battle with the Picts at Nechtansmere in 685. In the middle of the 9th century, the Scots acquired a predominance in Northern Britain. Kenneth, son of Alpin, succeeded his father as king of the Scots. The Pictish kingdom was weakened by civil dissensions and a disputed claim to the crown. The Picts and Scots, each speaking a dialect of the Celtic tongue, gradually coalesced into one people. The reign of Constantine, son of Aodh, who succeeded in 904, was a remarkable one. Even before the establishment of the kingdom of the Picts and Scots in the person of Kenneth, Northern Britain had experienced the attacks of a new enemy, the Scandinavian invaders, generally spoken of under the name of Danes. Constantine resisted them bravely, but towards the end of his reign, he entered into an alliance with them in opposition to the English. A powerful army, composed of Scots, Picts, Britons, and Danes, disembarked on the Humber, and was encountered at Brunanburgh by Athelstan, king of England. A battle was fought there, the first of a series of unfortunate combats by Scottish princes on English ground. The confederate army was defeated, but Constantine escaped, and died 953. During the reign of Malcolm I., a portion of the Cumbrian kingdom was bestowed by Edmund, king of England, on the Scottish sovereign. The northern kingdom was still further increased in the reign of Kenneth, son of Malcolm, by the acquisition of Lothian and of Northern Cumbria, or Strathclyde. Alexander III. employed the period of his reign well; by a treaty with the king of Norway, he added to his kingdom Man and the other islands of the Western Sea. The reigns of David II. and his successors, Robert II. and Robert III., were the most wretched period of Scottish history. In the year 1411, half of the kingdom would have become barbarous if the invasion of the Lord of the Isles had not been repulsed at Harlaw (which see). The vigorous rule of James I. had restored a tranquillity to which his kingdom had long been unaccustomed; but strife and discord were again brought back on his assassination. The reigns of Charles II. and James VII. were more corrupt and oppressive than any which Scotland had experienced since the regencies in the minority of James VI.; the natural result was the revolution, which seated William and Mary on the throne. Under James VI., who succeeded to the throne of England, the kingdoms became united, from which period (1603) the annals of the two kingdoms became almost identical, though they both retained their independence, and continued to be ruled by separate titles till the Act of Union in 1707.

The Shorthorn breed of cattle originated in the North East of England in the late 18th century. The breed was developed as dual purpose, suitable for both dairy and beef production; however there were always certain blood lines within the breed which emphasised one quality or the other. Over time these different lines diverged and by the second half of the 20th century two separate breeds had developed - the Beef Shorthorn, and the Dairy Shorthorn. All Shorthorn cattle are coloured red, white or roan, although roan cattle are preferred by some, and completely white animals are not common. However, one type of Shorthorn has been bred to be consistently white – the Whitebred Shorthorn, which was developed to cross with black Galloway cattle to produce a popular blue roan crossbreed, the Blue Grey.

The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia (basidiomycetes) or paraphyses (ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes. In puffballs, it is internal. In stinkhorns, it develops internally and then is exposed in the form of a foul-smelling gel. In cup fungi, it is on the concave surface of the cup. In teeth fungi, it grows on the outside of tooth-like spines.

The wraparound process is an intensive, individualized care management process for youths with serious or complex needs. Wraparound was initially developed in the 1980s as a means for maintaining youth with the most serious emotional and behavioral problems in their home and community. During the wraparound process, a team of individuals who are relevant to the well-being of the child or youth collaboratively develop an individualized plan of care, implement this plan, and evaluate success over time. The wraparound plan typically includes formal services and interventions, together with community services and interpersonal support and assistance provided by friends, kin, and other people drawn from the family’s social networks. The team convenes frequently to measure the plan’s components against relevant indicators of success. Plan components and strategies are revised when outcomes are not being achieved. The process of engaging the family, convening the team, developing the plan, implementing the plan, and transitioning the youth out of formal wraparound is typically facilitated by a trained care manager or “wraparound facilitator,” sometimes with the assistance of a family support worker. The wraparound process, and the plan itself, is designed to be culturally competent, strengths based, and organized around family members’ own perceptions of needs, goals, and likelihood of success of specific strategies.

Ustilaginoidea is a genus of fungi in the family Ustilaginaceae. These fungi are typically plant pathogens that can cause diseases such as false smut or rice kernel smut. They are characterized by their ability to produce secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins, which can have detrimental effects on the growth and development of the host plant.

Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, also known as Type 2 Diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the bodys resistance to the effects of insulin, inability to produce enough insulin, or both. It typically develops in adults over the age of 40 but can also occur in younger individuals, especially in the context of obesity or a strong family history of diabetes. The disease is often related to factors such as physical inactivity, obesity, and poor diet. Symptoms may include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like heart disease, kidney failure, and blindness.

biz′ant. Same as Bezant.